編者按：今年5月，青海省宣布將以1.15元/千瓦時(shí)的價(jià)格補(bǔ)貼在9月30日前建成的光伏電站，且未對(duì)總量設(shè)置上限，此舉一出，立即引爆國內(nèi)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)界。位于海西的格爾木一夜之間成為全球光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)界矚目的焦點(diǎn)。

從青海西寧前往格爾木市818公里的漫長(zhǎng)里程，如同一個(gè)磁場(chǎng)，自6月份開始，就吸引眾多太陽能光伏從業(yè)者不斷涌入，這其中也包括了胡桂所，中盛光電中國區(qū)經(jīng)理。胡桂所在接受記者采訪時(shí)表示：“太火了，格爾木市現(xiàn)在基本招不到工人。”

930規(guī)劃眾多參與企業(yè)均認(rèn)為屆時(shí)光伏電站建成數(shù)據(jù)可達(dá)800兆瓦。分割下來，條件最佳的格爾木市將至少建成300兆瓦的光伏電站。而與之相較，2010年國內(nèi)光伏安裝量?jī)H為380兆瓦。中國可再生能源學(xué)會(huì)副理事長(zhǎng)趙玉文表示。“之前聽說青海方面和國家發(fā)改委談過，但最終有多少項(xiàng)目獲得批準(zhǔn)，又能有多少國家補(bǔ)貼下發(fā)，仍是一個(gè)未知數(shù)。”但是這并不妨礙企業(yè)進(jìn)入的熱情。在巨大的項(xiàng)目工程背后，有著豪華的企業(yè)陣容：中廣核、華電國際、國電龍?jiān)措娏Α度A靖、三峽集團(tuán)、浙江正泰集團(tuán)、中國風(fēng)電、黃河上游水電公司、尚德電力。

有業(yè)主認(rèn)為這是國內(nèi)光伏市場(chǎng)大規(guī)模開啟的信號(hào)，但也有投資者認(rèn)為許多問題需要重視：800兆瓦光伏安裝量需要至少130億元的補(bǔ)貼，如此巨大財(cái)力是由國家還是青海擔(dān)綱？另一方面，三個(gè)月的建設(shè)周期，其工程質(zhì)量是否可以保證，電網(wǎng)等配套能否跟上？
 

圖：黃河水電公司格爾木200兆瓦并網(wǎng)光伏電站。

青海的光伏帝國

為促進(jìn)光伏電站與青海電網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，青海省電力公司利用2年時(shí)間和中國電科院合作完成了《光伏發(fā)電消納能力及對(duì)電網(wǎng)的影響研究》、《光伏發(fā)電發(fā)展規(guī)模研究》及《適應(yīng)大規(guī)模光伏接入的合理電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)研究》三項(xiàng)課題。今年6月份和青海電力設(shè)計(jì)院、中國電科院依據(jù)現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)，開展了光伏電站送出問題的研究，編制了海西地區(qū)光伏電站接入系統(tǒng)初步方案。

青海光伏電站主要分布在格爾木、德令哈、錫鐵山、烏蘭等地。在海西地區(qū)光伏電站接入系統(tǒng)工程建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)會(huì)上傳出消息，海西地區(qū)光伏電站接入青海電網(wǎng)工程進(jìn)展順利，線路基礎(chǔ)開挖基本完成，基礎(chǔ)澆筑接近尾聲，即將轉(zhuǎn)入架線階段。僅僅在距離格爾木市區(qū)約30公里的東出口光伏發(fā)電園區(qū)內(nèi)，就有4000多名建設(shè)人員正在緊張施工中。

幾個(gè)月過去了，青海創(chuàng)造了世界光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展史上前所未有的奇跡。格爾木市能源局一位負(fù)責(zé)人介紹，各企業(yè)正利用力爭(zhēng)在9月30日前完成300兆瓦上網(wǎng)發(fā)電容量，并盡可能建成更多的光伏發(fā)電并網(wǎng)容量，力爭(zhēng)達(dá)到495兆瓦以上。

產(chǎn)業(yè)的迅速聚集創(chuàng)造了“五個(gè)世界之最”：世界上太陽能光伏裝機(jī)最集中的地區(qū)、世界上最大的在建光伏電站、世界上同一地區(qū)短期內(nèi)最大光伏發(fā)電安裝量、世界上規(guī)模最大的在建光伏并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)工程、世界范圍內(nèi)首度即將實(shí)現(xiàn)千兆瓦級(jí)光伏電站并網(wǎng)。

截至2011年8月，青海省已建成的國電格爾木20兆瓦、國投格爾木20兆瓦、中廣核一期20兆瓦等５個(gè)光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)并網(wǎng)發(fā)電，且集中在海西地區(qū)，并網(wǎng)容量達(dá)到70兆瓦。如果年底前海西地區(qū)40座光伏電站915兆瓦光伏發(fā)電容量接入青海電網(wǎng)的話，這將是青海電網(wǎng)第一次大規(guī)模接入近千兆瓦級(jí)光伏電站。“經(jīng)過各方努力，爭(zhēng)取9月底能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)光伏并網(wǎng)140兆瓦。”9月16日，青海省常務(wù)副省長(zhǎng)、青海新能源開發(fā)建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組組長(zhǎng)徐福順在2011中國青海光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展研討會(huì)上表示，年底確保并網(wǎng)900兆瓦，爭(zhēng)取1000兆瓦。

僅從海西地區(qū)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)推算得知，從9月到年底四個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，青海省海西地區(qū)將建成投產(chǎn)的光伏裝機(jī)容量達(dá)845兆瓦，35家光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)將實(shí)現(xiàn)并網(wǎng)發(fā)電。10月22日，由中電投黃河水電公司投資建設(shè)的青海烏蘭50兆瓦并網(wǎng)光伏電站已開始并網(wǎng)調(diào)試。地處柴達(dá)木盆地的青海烏蘭50兆瓦并網(wǎng)光伏電站是目前國內(nèi)3000米以上高海拔地區(qū)在建的最大的光伏電站。工程生產(chǎn)運(yùn)行期為25年，運(yùn)行期年平均上網(wǎng)電量超過8000萬千瓦時(shí)。11月10日，浙江正泰太陽能科技有限公司也宣布其位于青海省格爾木的20MWp光伏電站建成。據(jù)了解，正泰太陽能格爾木20MWp電站計(jì)劃總投資4億元，占地760畝。該項(xiàng)目為正泰太陽能位于格爾木的500MW光伏并網(wǎng)電站的一期項(xiàng)目。

目前在建的并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)工程中，格爾木地區(qū)23座，建設(shè)容量545兆瓦，建成容量505兆瓦；烏蘭地區(qū)4座，建成容量80兆瓦；錫鐵山地區(qū)5座，建成容量130兆瓦；德令哈地區(qū)8座，建設(shè)容量160兆瓦，建成容量115兆瓦。作為接入工程的總承包方，青海電力設(shè)計(jì)院正在全面加強(qiáng)和協(xié)調(diào)工程相關(guān)采購、設(shè)計(jì)、施工等項(xiàng)目管理工作，確保按期交付使用。

據(jù)介紹，海西地區(qū)光伏電站接入系統(tǒng)工程作為青海省海西地區(qū)光伏電站并網(wǎng)發(fā)電的總體策劃，對(duì)項(xiàng)目的建設(shè)起著至關(guān)重要的作用。主要包括格爾木330千伏匯集站輸變電工程，德令哈匯集站輸變電工程，黃河水電格爾木200兆瓦并網(wǎng)光伏電站330千伏線路工程，黃河水電烏蘭50兆瓦并網(wǎng)光伏電站110千伏線路工程，北莊變擴(kuò)建35千伏間隔。

另有資料顯示，海西光伏電站格爾木330千伏匯集站是青海省海西地區(qū)光伏電站上網(wǎng)的重點(diǎn)工程項(xiàng)目，它的按期建成可以解決多座在建光伏電站的上網(wǎng)需求，為青海省光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

 
圖：技術(shù)人員在黃河水電公司格爾木200兆瓦并網(wǎng)光伏電站升壓站檢查設(shè)備

發(fā)改委的“路條”

據(jù)多位業(yè)內(nèi)人士證實(shí)，“青海930”光伏計(jì)劃由該省于5月初推出，但僅是大中型發(fā)電集團(tuán)及與青海省關(guān)系密切的光伏企業(yè)接到通知，并未正式向社會(huì)公布。

據(jù)中盛光電胡桂所看來，“青海推出如此龐大計(jì)劃的目的，主要是想讓數(shù)年前尚德、國電、大唐等集團(tuán)布局的光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目落地，將本省建成全國的新能源循環(huán)示范基地。”此前青海雖與眾多大集團(tuán)簽約諸多光伏電站項(xiàng)目，但大多停留紙上。自2008年以來，格爾木市共與25家企業(yè)簽約28個(gè)光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目，但直到2011年5月底，僅有6個(gè)項(xiàng)目開工建設(shè)，并已建成41兆瓦。9月30日前至少需建成300兆瓦的安裝量，為3年之和的7倍多。

格爾木市提供的材料顯示，龍?jiān)锤駹柲拘履茉撮_發(fā)有限公司(一期)、國投格爾木光伏發(fā)電有限公司(一期)等7個(gè)光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目，已獲青海發(fā)改委核準(zhǔn)，總建設(shè)規(guī)模115兆瓦；浙江正泰太陽能科技有限公司、青海水利水電集團(tuán)等13個(gè)項(xiàng)目，已取得青海發(fā)改委“路條”，總建設(shè)規(guī)模205兆瓦。兩項(xiàng)合計(jì)，共為320兆瓦。作為年底完成495兆瓦建設(shè)目的的重要組成，黃河上游水電開發(fā)有限公司、山東力諾太陽能電力工程有限公司等5個(gè)項(xiàng)目，正積極爭(zhēng)取省發(fā)展改革委“路條”，預(yù)計(jì)總建設(shè)規(guī)模460兆瓦，總投資92億元。

賽維LDK中國區(qū)銷售總監(jiān)姚峰表示，格爾木市日照時(shí)數(shù)超過3600小時(shí)，屬全國光照最優(yōu)區(qū)域之一，賽維LDK目前也在積極與投資方接觸。在“青海930”規(guī)劃推出之后，各大企業(yè)與青海的接觸頻率加快，而力度之大亦前所未有。

6月份，龍?jiān)措娏εc青海科技廳、格爾木政府簽訂投資協(xié)議，前者將在格爾木建設(shè)100兆瓦大型并網(wǎng)光伏示范電站；幾乎同時(shí)，華能集團(tuán)也與青海省政府簽署了戰(zhàn)略合作協(xié)議，聯(lián)手在青海開發(fā)包括光伏電站在內(nèi)的能源項(xiàng)目。 中廣核集團(tuán)則在6月11日成立了青海分公司，目前在青海的10兆瓦光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目建成投產(chǎn)，二期30兆瓦項(xiàng)目已動(dòng)土，三期60兆瓦項(xiàng)目可望近期拿到通行證。

暗藏的隱患

自6月以來，各大招標(biāo)通知函開始發(fā)向眾多光伏組件企業(yè)，而通知函的項(xiàng)目?jī)?nèi)容大多為各大電力集團(tuán)在格爾木的光伏電站項(xiàng)目。

英利集團(tuán)一位負(fù)責(zé)人證實(shí)，該集團(tuán)近期與黃河水電簽訂合同，為該公司在青海烏蘭地區(qū)和格爾木地區(qū)項(xiàng)目提供110兆瓦組件，“發(fā)貨時(shí)間要在6月至8月完成，因?yàn)楸仨氁?月30日之前安裝完。”國內(nèi)一家大型組件廠商負(fù)責(zé)人對(duì)此憂慮表示，一個(gè)10兆瓦以上的光伏電站項(xiàng)目，從施工準(zhǔn)備、土建施工，到設(shè)備安裝及調(diào)試直至竣工驗(yàn)收，需要約3-5個(gè)月時(shí)間，但現(xiàn)今許多項(xiàng)目6月份才開始動(dòng)工，“施工質(zhì)量如何保證，組件的轉(zhuǎn)換率如何達(dá)標(biāo)？”

2010年青海省的光伏裝機(jī)容量為30兆瓦，預(yù)計(jì)在今年年底的光伏裝機(jī)容量為55兆瓦。業(yè)內(nèi)推測(cè)的800兆瓦的安裝量，已達(dá)到青海先前計(jì)劃的近16倍。事實(shí)上，在先前各地的光伏電站及金太陽項(xiàng)目中，即發(fā)現(xiàn)由于趕工期、收益率不佳等因素，許多投資商選用劣質(zhì)組件的問題。該負(fù)責(zé)人同時(shí)認(rèn)為，眾多的光伏電站落成，需要有一個(gè)好的升壓點(diǎn)，“但現(xiàn)今國家電網(wǎng)方面是否已經(jīng)同意配套，并全額收購所有可上網(wǎng)的電力？”其舉例，去年年底涉及54兆瓦、39個(gè)金太陽工程的取消，部分項(xiàng)目最重要的原因是無電網(wǎng)接入。

青海省發(fā)改委一位人士表示，為了應(yīng)對(duì)并網(wǎng)的難題，青海將先把發(fā)電量匯集到110千伏的變電站，然后并入電網(wǎng)。問題在于，1.15元/度的上網(wǎng)電價(jià)讓企業(yè)怦然心動(dòng)（2010年280兆瓦特許權(quán)光伏電站的招標(biāo)價(jià)多在1元/度以下），但該價(jià)格是否可以履行尚屬疑問。

“這個(gè)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)報(bào)給國家發(fā)改委審批了，如果給不了1.15元，差價(jià)將由我們掏錢補(bǔ)足。”上述青海省發(fā)改委人士表示。根據(jù)數(shù)位光伏企業(yè)人士的預(yù)測(cè)，依照1.15元/度的上網(wǎng)電價(jià)，安裝總量為800兆瓦的光伏電站項(xiàng)目約需補(bǔ)貼130億。如若對(duì)應(yīng)青海省204.97億元的一般預(yù)算收入，則十分艱難。“關(guān)鍵在于國家能夠拿出過百億的補(bǔ)貼給青海嗎？”前述光伏企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人感慨，退一萬步而言，縱使國家完全補(bǔ)貼，甘肅、內(nèi)蒙古、新疆、寧夏等光伏資源優(yōu)越省份亦會(huì)提出同等要求，對(duì)此難以協(xié)調(diào)。

問題與挑戰(zhàn)并存

電網(wǎng)是一個(gè)畸形產(chǎn)物，光伏和風(fēng)電對(duì)電網(wǎng)來說都是垃圾電。這次青海都要業(yè)主自己建設(shè)匯流站，而這也成了青海電站并網(wǎng)的難題之一，匯流站投資額不低，如果大規(guī)模并網(wǎng)，個(gè)人還是看好熱發(fā)電。如果把中國的每一個(gè)省看作歐洲的一個(gè)國家，市場(chǎng)巨大情況各不同。比如青海，中國第一主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，明后年可能就要按上網(wǎng)容量分配項(xiàng)目了。

在金融危機(jī)的沖擊下，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)放緩已成定局。隨著金融危機(jī)的不斷惡化，近幾年一直艷陽高照的我國光伏行業(yè)突然烏云重重。“市場(chǎng)萎縮、資金鏈斷裂、減產(chǎn)、裁員、停工”等傳聞風(fēng)聲四起，太陽能光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的冬天已經(jīng)來臨，青海省也受到不小的沖擊。

青海省新能源（集團(tuán)）有限公司董事長(zhǎng)張治民介紹，隨著金融危機(jī)向?qū)嶓w經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)散，銀行的經(jīng)營(yíng)壓力、盈利壓力、放貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越來越大。在此背景之下，銀行的放貸顯得相對(duì)謹(jǐn)慎，嚴(yán)格把關(guān)，對(duì)于青海省光伏企業(yè)而言，獲取貸款顯得并不容易。

據(jù)青海省科技廳調(diào)查顯示，對(duì)于尚處于以出口為主要目標(biāo)的我國光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)而言，面臨的共同難題就是，融資成本大幅上升、資金籌措難度增大、市場(chǎng)信貸及市場(chǎng)需求不確定性增加等一系列經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而資本支出較高的硅材料生產(chǎn)企業(yè)受到的壓力和沖擊則更大。專家分析，這些不利影響目前只是初現(xiàn)端倪，其深層影響將在明年會(huì)進(jìn)一步顯現(xiàn)出來。這就意味著本已競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的國內(nèi)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)在今后必將面臨洗牌的嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。

目前青海省光伏企業(yè)應(yīng)開拓新的市場(chǎng)，在充分發(fā)揮現(xiàn)有歐美光伏市場(chǎng)渠道作用的同時(shí)，要開發(fā)新興市場(chǎng)特別是亞太市場(chǎng)和中東市場(chǎng)，同時(shí)，加大技術(shù)改造，進(jìn)一步提高太陽能電池平均轉(zhuǎn)換效率，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，降低產(chǎn)品價(jià)格，走出光伏寒冬的陰影。

可再生能源學(xué)會(huì)的吳達(dá)成主任也表示，他認(rèn)為目前光伏業(yè)遇到的情況與其它行業(yè)一樣，困難是暫時(shí)的，新能源未來發(fā)展看好，并表示青海格爾木現(xiàn)在新能源發(fā)展很快，當(dāng)?shù)胤浅g迎逆變器、蓄電池等新能源配套企業(yè)去當(dāng)?shù)赝顿Y辦廠，當(dāng)?shù)卮胧﹥?yōu)惠，有興趣企業(yè)或自然人可去考察。

加大政府扶持力度，是幫助青海省光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)的關(guān)鍵所在。世界光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)強(qiáng)國的經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明，政府引導(dǎo)和政策扶持是光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要?jiǎng)恿ΑＴ诮?jīng)濟(jì)大環(huán)境趨緊、企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)受阻的情況下，充分發(fā)揮政府職能，進(jìn)一步加大政策扶持力度是幫助青海省光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)、度過難關(guān)的關(guān)鍵所在。

發(fā)揮青海省發(fā)展光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)。發(fā)揮資源優(yōu)勢(shì)，青海省太陽能資源豐富，加之水電及硅礦石資源優(yōu)勢(shì)顯著，為發(fā)展光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)造了重要條件；發(fā)揮成本優(yōu)勢(shì)。青海省勞動(dòng)力相對(duì)低廉，土地價(jià)格便宜，在一定程度上降低了光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的生產(chǎn)管理成本；發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，青海省獨(dú)特的地理資源環(huán)境決定了光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)在省內(nèi)具備廣闊的應(yīng)用空間和巨大的市場(chǎng)潛力。

Qinghai’s PV Empire—No Worries?

Editor’s Note: In May, 2011, Qinghai Province announced feed-in-tariff of 1.15 yuan/kwh for solar PV plants built before September 30. This announcement immediately set off the investment of PV industry to Qinghai. Golmud, a city in the western Qinghai, became the focus of the global solar PV industry.

The 818 km long distance From Xining to Golmud sets up a magnetic field, since the beginning of June, full of many solar PV practitioners continue to flow in, which also includes the Hu Guisuo, Optical in China by the Regional Manager, in his interview with the reporter, said: 'It's the fire, and Golmud City, is now essential to recruit workers.

According to PV players of Qinghai "930" PV plan, the data in the enterprise are then up to 800 megawatts, Split down the best conditions for the completion of Golmud City will be at least 300 megawatts of photovoltaic power plants. By contrast, the domestic photovoltaic installation in 2010 was only 380 MW. Before I heard the Qinghai area and talked to the NDRC, but in the end how many projects have been approved, but also issued a number of state subsidies, it is still unknown.' China Renewable Energy Society, Vice Chairman Zhao Yuwen said. But this does not prevent the entry of firms enthusiasm in the engineering behind the huge project, with a lineup of luxury companies: China Guangdong Nuclear Power, Huadian Power International, China Long Yuan Electric Power, SDIC Huajing, the Three Gorges Group, Zhejiang Chint Group, China's wind electricity, the Yellow River Hydro, Suntech Power.

Some owners think that this is a large-scale domestic PV market open signal, but there are many issues that investors need to focus on: 800 MW of PV installed capacity needs at least $ 13 billion subsidy, such a huge financial resources by the State or the Qinghai featuring? On the other hand, the three-month construction period, whether it can guarantee the quality of its engineering, power grids and other facilities can keep up?

Qinghai’s PV Empire

Qinghai provincial power company spent 2 years with China power science institute to complete 3 research projects. In June, 2011, the company with Qinghai power design institute, China power science institute built the plan for the grid connection system in Haixi. PV plants in Qinghai mainly located in Golmud, Delingha, Xitiesan, Wulan etc. It’s said the grid connection system construction developed well. In the photovoltaic park, only 30km away from Golmud downtown, more than 4,000 construction workers are busy in construction.

A few months passed. Qinghai has created unprecedented miracle in the history of the world’s photovoltaic industry. The PV industry developed so quickly established many new records of the world—the most concentrated areas of PV capacity installed in the world, the largest PV plant under construction in the world, the largest photovoltaic installation in the same area and short term in the world, the largest grid-connected PV system under construction in the world, the first gigawatt-level grid-connected PV plant coming into being soon in the word.

As of August, 2011, 5 pv plants, such as GUODIAN’s 20MW project in Golmud, CGN Solar’s 20MW project, have connected the grid and generated power. They mainly located in Haixi, Qinghai.

If 40 PV plants with 915MW totally connect grid in Qinghai before the end of 2011, this will be the first time for Qinghai Grid to connect with PV plant at gigawatt level. “By the efforts of all developers, we hope to reach the goal of 140MW before the end of September.” Xu Fushun, executive vice governor of Qinghai Province and leader of Qinghai New Energy Development and Construction, said on Qinghai 2011 Photovoltaic Industry Development Seminar that at the end of 2011 to ensure that the grid-connected capacity reach 900 MW and to strive for 1000 MW.

We can estimate form the statistical data of Haixi that total 845MW project will be completed and 35 developers will generate power with grid-connection from September to the end of 2011.
On October 22, 50MW PV plant in Wulan, Qinghai, invested by China Power Investment Group, began to test grid connection, which is the largest PV plant under construction in the area of high altitude above 3000 meters in China currently. The plant’s operation lifespan is 25 years with annual average power generation more than 80 million KWh.

On November 10, Astronergy announced that its 20MWp PV plant completed in Golmud. It’s said the total investment is 4000 million yuan and covers 760 acres. It’s Phase 1 project of total 500MW.

In the grid-connected PV system under construction, there are 23 plants with total 545MW planned and 505MW completed in Golmud, 4 PV plants with total 80MW in Wulan, 5 PV plants with total 130MW in Xitieshan, 8 plants with total 160MW planed and 115MW completed in Delingha.The grid connection system in Haixi is very important to its PV plant. The system mainly includes 330KV collection and transmission project in Golmud, which can solve grid connection problem of many pv plants under construction and laid a solid foundation for PV development in Qinghai.

‘Permit' of Development and Reform Commission

According to several industry sources confirmed, 'Qinghai 930' photovoltaic program launched by the province in early May, but only medium-sized power generation groups and solar companies with close ties to Qinghai Province received a notice has not been officially announced to the public.
Qinghai launch such a massive project main purpose is to make a few years ago, Suntech, State Power, Datang Group and other floor layout of PV power generation projects, the province's new energy into the country's cycle of demonstration bases. Are looking at the HU Guisuo, Optical in China, although with many Qinghai had signed a number of large groups of photovoltaic power plant project, but most remain on paper.

Since 2008, Golmud City, with a total of 25 enterprises signed 28 photovoltaic power generation projects, but until the end of May 2011, only six projects under construction and 41 MW have been completed before December 30,. 9300 completed at least MW of installed capacity, for three years and seven times.

Golmud to provide the material shows Longyuan Golmud New Energy Development Co., Ltd. (a), SDIC Golmud PV Co., Ltd. (a) and 7 PV projects have been approved by Qinghai Development and Reform Commission, the total construction size of 115 MW, Zhejiang Chint Solar Technology Co., Ltd., Qinghai group of 13 water conservancy and hydropower projects have made Qinghai Development and Reform Commission, 'Permit', with a total construction scale of 205 MW. The two together, a total of 320 MW.

End of 495 MW as the purpose of building a vital part of Yellow River Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the 'Yellow River Hydropower'), Shandong Marino Solar Power Engineering Co., Ltd. and four other projects, is actively seeking Provincial Development and Reform Commission 'Lutiao', the estimated total construction scale 460 MW with a total Investment 9.2 billion.

LDK, China Sales Director Yao Feng told reporters, Golmud number more than 3,600 hours of sunshine, the region is one of the country the best light, LDK is also currently active contacts with investors.

Reporters also noted that the 'Qinghai 930' plan after the release of major companies to speed up the frequency of contact and Qinghai, but also the intensity of the unprecedented large.

In June, the Long Yuan Electric Power Science and Technology Department with the Qinghai Golmud government signed an investment agreement, the former in the Golmud to build 100 megawatt grid-connected PV demonstration power plant, is almost the same time, Huaneng Group and the Qinghai provincial government also signed a strategic alliance agreement development including photovoltaic power plant in Qinghai, including energy projects in the Guangdong Nuclear Power Group was established on June 11 Qinghai branch, currently 10 MW of photovoltaic power generation Qinghai project put into operation, two 30 MW projects have been ground-breaking, three 60-megawatt project is expected to pass near future to get.

A few Potential Pitfalls

Since June, the major tender notification letter sent to a number of PV modules starting businesses, but most of the content of letters of the project in the Golmud major Power Group's photovoltaic power plant project.

Yingli Group, an official confirmed that the group recently signed a contract with the Yellow River water, the company in the region and the Golmud Green Hai Wulan 110 MW project components, delivery time to be completed between June and August, because must be in before September 30, installed.

Responsible for a large domestic component manufacturers who have worried that more than a 10-megawatt photovoltaic power plant project, from construction preparation, civil construction, equipment installation and commissioning up to the final acceptance, takes about 3-5 months, but Today many of the projects started in June began, how to ensure the quality of construction, the conversion rate to standard components?

Qinghai Province in 2010 to 30 MW of photovoltaic capacity, by the end of this year's PV installed capacity of 55 MW in the industry speculated that the 800 MW installed capacity has reached nearly 16 previously planned Qinghai-fold.

In fact, over the previous Golden Sun, and photovoltaic power plant project, which found that as time duration, poor yields and other factors, many investors use inferior components of the problem.

The official also believes that the completion of a large number of photovoltaic power plants, need a good step-up point, 'but whether the current National Grid has agreed to support, and full acquisition of all the Internet's power?' Their example, late last year involving 54 MW, 39 Golden Sun works to cancel part of the project the most important reason is that no grid access.

Qinghai Province Development and Reform Commission, told reporters that, in response to grid problems, collection of electricity in Qinghai to the first 110 kV substation, then to the grid. The problem is, 1.15 yuan/kWh tariff to allow enterprises resist (2010, 280 MW solar power plant concession tender price of more than 1 yuan/degrees, but the price is doubtful whether it can perform.

This program has been reported to the National Development and Reform Commission for approval, and if you cannot give 1.15 yuan, the difference will make up our money.' The Qinghai Province Development and Reform Commission said. According to several solar companies are forecast, according to 1.15 yuan/kWh of electricity price, total 800 megawatts of installed photovoltaic power plant project is about 13 billion subsidy. Should correspond to the general budget of 20.497 billion yuan Qinghai income, very difficult.

The key is to come up over billions of state subsidies to the Qinghai it?' PV business executives feeling the aforementioned, one step back is concerned, even though the country's total subsidy, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Ningxia and other provinces of photovoltaic resource location also made the same request, which is difficult to coordinate

Qinghai PV industry output in 2020 is expected to hundreds of billions. On August 9, the reporter learned from the Qinghai Province Development and Reform Commission, 2015, Qinghai Province, household, building-integrated photovoltaic BIPV, solar photovoltaic lighting system installed capacity will reach 50 MW, large-scale desert solar and net installed capacity of nearly 1100 MW power plant; 2020 will build a complete industrial chain of photovoltaic, solar PV industry annual output value reached 100 billion yuan into the development of Qinghai Province, a major force in new industries and industrial sectors important pillar industries.

Troubles and challenges

Grid is a product of deformity, photovoltaic and wind power are both garbage power for the grid. In Qinghai, the owners have to build convergence by themselves, and this has become one of the difficult problems for connect to the grid in Qinghai, the investment for the convergence is not low, and if connect to the gird for large-scale, I still optimistic for CSP project. If you see every province of China as a European country, a huge market has different situation. Such as Qinghai, China’s first main battlefield, the next two years may allocate the project by grid capacity.

After the financial crisis, the world’s economic slowdown is a foregone conclusion. With the worsening financial crisis, in recent years, the blooming PV industry in our country suddenly meets the clouds. “Market decline, capital strand breaks, production cuts, layoffs” and other rumors are everywhere, solar industry has come to winter, Qinghai Province has also been impact a lot.

Zhang Zhimin, the chairman of Qinghai New Energy (Group) Co., Ltd said, as the financial crisis spread to the real economy, the bank’s operating pressure, earnings pressure, lending risk are growing. In this context, the bank’s lending appears to be relatively cautious and strict, for the PV enterprises in Qinghai, is not easy to obtain the loans.

According to the survey from Qinghai Science and Technology Department, for the PV industry in our country which still rely on export, the common problem is that financing costs have risen sharply, financing becomes more difficult, market credit and demand uncertainty are increasing, and silicon materials producer which has higher capital spending will have more pressure and impact. Expert analysis, these adverse effects are merely the beginning of another, the underlying impact will be more apparent in the next year. This means that the already fierce competition in the domestic PV industry will face reshuffle test in the future.

Currently, Qinghai PV enterprises should open new market, beside the existing European and US market, develop emerging markets, especially Asia-Pacific market and the Middle East market, meanwhile, improving the technology, further improve the average efficiency of solar cell, improve product quality, lower prices, out of the shadow of PV winter.

Wu Dacheng, the director from Renewable Energy Society said, he believes that the current case which in PV industry is same like other industries, difficulties are temporary, optimistic about the future development of new energy, new energy grow fast in Golmud, Qinghai, the local government welcome inverter, cell and other new energy companies to invest factories.

Increasing government support is the key to help Qinghai PV industry over the crisis. The experience from the leader of PV industry shows that, government guidance and policy support is the main driver of PV industry. In tight economic environment, business disruption situation, give full play to government functions, further intensifies policy support is the key to help Qinghai PV industry to over the crisis.

Use the unique advantage of Qinghai PV industry. Advantage of resources and abundant solar energy resources in Qinghai, together with water and mineral resources, created important conditions for PV industry; Use the advantage of cost. The labor and land are relatively cheap in Qinghai, reduce the cost of production and management at certain extent; Use the advantage of market, the unique geographical resources environment determines Qinghai has the broad application space and the huge market potential.